Фигуры-обманки (dummy boards-это одна из разновидностей жанра "тромплей" (trompe l'oeil).
Их делали из дерева и расписывали. Они размещались в углах и на лестницах больших домов и замков, в парках, павильонах и беседках- для оживления интерьера или пейзажа, а также- чтобы удивить посетителей. Также их ставили перед пустыми каминами в летнее время.
Большинство из них были сделаны профессиональными художниками, сохранилось достаточно много досок работы голландских художников 17 века.
Фигуры-обманки (dummy boards) расставляли в домах и парках, служили они прежде всего для развлечения, поскольку при соответствующем освещении их легко можно было принять за живого человека.
Были очень популярны темы прислуги с факелами или инвентарем, музыкантов, военных, дам и кавалеров. А также домашних животных- в основном кошек и собак.
Их можно было использовать и как каминный экран или ширму, но популярность обманок-прежде всего дань моде. Так же были очень популярны натюрморты-обманки, начaли их массово изготавливать в Голландии в 17 веке.
Здесь многие картинки из Музея Виктории и Альберта, с антикварных сайтов.
Кроме фигур из музеев, есть целый сайт-site about dummy-boards-author
Sue Newstead, посвященный таким обманкам
,очень благодарна его автору. Большинство редких картинок- оттуда.
---------------------Святые-------------
Самая древняя "обманка"-
The oldest figure we know about is of Saint Charles the Good in Belgium.
He lives in the Church of St. Salvator in Bruges. There are records of a figure being there in the 15th century though this probably wasn’t trompe l’oeil.
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Moses 1708
Aaron
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----------------------Музыканты---------
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Man with Barrel Organ
1780
Female Street Player with Guitar
1780
Street Pedlar
1820
-------------------Слуги----------------
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Unknown
1630-1650
Unknown
1630-1650
Young Woman Peeling Apples
1690
The Chateau de Malle Peeler France c. 1690 4ft
Servant Girl With a spit. French c. 1750 By kind permission and copyright of the SA Oliver Trust, Chertsey Museum
18 век
The Chocolatier. Mid 18th c. dummy board Private collection.
------------------------Подсвечники-----
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Служанка со свечой
Kneeling Angels (Flemmish pair of candlesticks)
Flemish
16th century
An unusual pair of candle-sticks, the cutout kneeling figures painted in the fashion of dummy boards
Italy
18th c
Wonderful "dummy board" Flame Urns with gilt and painted decoration from the 18th century Italy.
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---------------------Дамы -----------------
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Woman with Mirror (dummy board)
1630-1650
Woman with Fontagne Head-Dress 1700
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Maria Tripp by Rembrandt.
Maria Tripp
.
( possibly ) figure of a 17th c. girl
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A figure from Sweden. Lady with Tray mid 18th century.
----------------------Кавалеры----------
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Man with a Cane
1690
Young Man with Sword (dummy board)
1745
---------------------Военные------------
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Comfort Board, Walmer Castle
This one appears to depict the Duke of Wellington who has strong associations with the castle.
19th c. French soldier dummy board Private collection in the U.S.
Pair of Dummy boards ( Austria 1840 )
=====================Дети===============
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Tobias and Matilda
Dutch children,
1600
Мальчик с погремушкой
a very early young Morrysh dauncer…. with his bells and hankies? ( Yes it’s male… young boys,
The 17th century Oakwell Girl, by kind permission of Oakwell Hall
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Young boy with bird c. 1700 Private Collection.English
------------------c портретов и картин-------------
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James I of England
King James I of England and VI of Scotland, by Arnold van Brounckhorst (floruit 1580). from the National Portrait Gallery, London
PAIR Dummy Boards. English 19th c
English,
Mid 19th century
PAIR polychrome painted dummy boards. The silhouette shapes of children.
Painted fire-screens and figural dummy boards had their origin in the Low countries and were ornamental.
English, mid 19th century
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------------------Мальчик на высоком стульчике--------
second boy by Verspronck
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===========================19 век================
Эти фигуры описаны в музее, как каминные экраны
Pair of Victorian Painted Figural Dummy Boards, 19th Century
England
19th Century
A Charming Pair of Victorian Carved and Painted Dummy Boards "One pair of unusual and unique English fire-screens. Carved of wood and painted with figures of a youth and maiden, attired in quaint 18th century costume.
a pair of dummy boards of 17thc. style children that a British artist painted
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Georgian boy with dog
England
19 th c.
Pair of beautifully painted Dummy Boards of a boy and girl in English costume
--------------------Домашние любимцы---------
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Unknown
1750-1800
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England
19 th.c.
Painted board model of dog. "Dummy Board".Some touch up to the paint
The two sided cat 19th c. by kind permission of Sampson and Horne
VICTORIAN HAND PAINTED WOODEN DECORATIONS, DISPLAYS & PAINTINGS
The Circus Lion. English 19th c. Private Collection in the U.K. 30 inches.
-------------------Применение-----------
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====================Каминные заставки==============
-------------------------Тромплей-------
У каминов
Редкая тканая фигура-"dummy board" или каминный экран
England and Flanders
18th Century
An English 18th century "dummy board" or fire screen made from an earlier 17th century Flemish tapestry.
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Фальшивое блюдо
Раковина
The PastMastery Oudry fireboard with the Ginger Jar, Lamport pair - 17th c. children and the King Charles Spaniel all in miniature. All oil on wood
Сначала я нигде не смогла найти упоминаний про театр,
и нашла только одну театральную картинку, но потом нашлись и упоминания, что их использовали в театре. Видимо- там они просто не сохранились.
==================Кукольные домики======================
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В 18 веке было очень распространено для состоятельных людей, чтобы их портретные фигурки стояли в собственных кукольных домиках. Обычно делались копии их парадных портретов.
The 17th century parlour..our display roombox.
Past Mastery's Grand Hall Display Kensington Show, where a late 18th century country house is peopled by dummy boards based on portraits by the 18th century painter Thomas Gainsborough.
Кукольный домик 18 века- художник Томас Гейнсборо.
Есть даже портреты маленьких мопсов и кошек в ювелирной коробочке.
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Dummy boards are life-size, flat, wooden figures painted and shaped in outline to resemble figures of servants, soldiers, children, and animals. The taste for using illusionistic painted figures as a form of house decoration probably originated in the trompe l’oeil, or life-like interior scenes painted by Dutch artists in the early 17th century. Dummy boards continued to be produced into the 19th century. They were placed in corners and on stairways to surprise visitors, or in front of empty fireplaces in the summer. Most were made by professional sign-painters, who also produced the hanging street signs prevalent until the late 18th century.
During the summer they would fill the dark unused fireplace opening and offer color and decoration until the colder months when the fireplace would be used again.
Animals – mostly cats and dogs – were popular subjects for dummy boards.
In the 19th century it was very common for wealthy people to have their faces painted into a famous painting and to have it made into a dummy board for display in their own homes. All these original historic figures are in private collection, are life sized and are scaled down to fit the 1/12th dollshouse. The little pug and the cats in a jewellery box are also 19th century.
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-----Sites about dummy-boards-author Sue Newstead--
http://www.pastmastery.com/
http://pastmastery.wordpress.com/2010/04/page/3/
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http://collections.vam.ac.uk/search/?listing_type=imagetext&offset=0&limit=15&narrow=0&q=Dummy+board&commit=Search&quality=0&objectnamesearch=&placesearch=&after=&after-adbc=AD&before=&before-adbc=AD&namesearch=&materialsearch=&mnsearch=&locationsearch=
http://www.boardwalkoriginals.com/z-general/boardwalk_originals_dummy_boards_general_information.htm
http://www.1stdibs.com/index.php
http://www.flickr.com/search/?q=Dummy%20Boards&w=all
http://www.janerobinson.co.uk/page8.htm
http://www.thecountryladyantiques.com/products.php
http://www.google.ru/images?q=Dummy+Boards&um=1&hl=ru&newwindow=1&client=firefox&rls=org.mozilla:ru:official&tbs=isch:1&ei=8EJETN-MLc-TjAfHy9BV&sa=N&start=63&ndsp=21
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